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INTRODUCTIONOFPHAEDO

斐多 柏拉图181542026-08-03

Cebesaskswhysuicideisthoughtnottoberight, ifdeathistobeaccountedagood? Well, (1) accordingtooneexplanation, becausemanisaprisoner, whomustnotopenthedoorofhisprisonandrunaway—thisisthetruthina ‘mystery.’ Or (2) rather, becauseheisnothisownproperty, butapossessionofthegods, , asksCebes, ifheisapossessionofthegods, shouldhewishtodieandleavethem? Forheisundertheirprotection; , , andperhapstobetterfriends; , andhehopesthathewillbemoresuccessfulinconvincingthemthanhehadbeeninconvincingthecourt.

Thephilosopherdesiresdeath—whichthewickedworldwillinsinuatethathealsodeserves: andperhapshedoes, : therealquestionis, Whatisthenatureofthatdeathwhichhedesires? Deathistheseparationofsoulandbody—, , , ? Why, ifheisdeadwhilehelives, shouldhefearthatotherdeath, throughwhichalonehecanbeholdwisdominherpurity?

Besides, , , , includingwisdom, , ‘Manyarethewand-bearersbutfewarethemystics.’ (.: ‘Manyarecalledbutfewarechosen.’) Andinthehopethatheisoneofthesemystics, .

Still, , —, greater; weaker, stronger; sleeping, waking; life, death—, (Endymion) .

, andisderivedfromthelatentknowledgeofmathematics, , thereisapowerofassociation, whichfromseeingSimmiasmayrememberCebes, , , , , thenprioralsototheperceptionsofthesenseswhichrecallthem, , norhaveanywithoutaprocessofreminiscence; whichisaproofthatitisnotinnateorgivenatbirth, , itmusthavebeengivenbeforebirth—, -existenceofthesoulstandsorfallswiththedoctrineofideas.

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