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INTRODUCTIONOFPHAEDO

斐多 柏拉图181542026-08-03

, ? Orhowcanthesoulbeunitedwiththebodyandstillbeindependent? Isthesoulrelatedtothebodyastheidealtothereal, orasthewholetotheparts, orasthesubjecttotheobject, orasthecausetotheeffect, orastheendtothemeans? ShallwesaywithAristotle, thatthesoulistheentelechyorformofanorganizedlivingbody? orwithPlato, thatshehasalifeofherown? IsthePythagoreanimageoftheharmony, orthatofthemonad, thetruerexpression? Isthesoulrelatedtothebodyassighttotheeye, orastheboatmantohisboat? (.) Andinanotherstateofbeingisthesoultobeconceivedofasvanishingintoinfinity, hardlypossessinganexistencewhichshecancallherown, asinthepantheisticsystemofSpinoza: orasanindividualinforminganotherbodyandenteringintonewrelations, butretainingherowncharacter? (CompareGorgias.) Oristheoppositionofsoulandbodyamereillusion, andthetrueselfneithersoulnorbody, buttheunionofthetwointhe ‘I’ whichisabovethem? Andisdeaththeassertionofthisindividualityinthehighernature, andthefallingawayintonothingnessofthelower? Orarewevainlyattemptingtopasstheboundariesofhumanthought? Thebodyandthesoulseemtobeinseparable, notonlyinfact, butinourconceptionsofthem; andanyphilosophywhichtoocloselyunitesthem, ortoowidelyseparatesthem, eitherinthislifeorinanother, , , orhavemistakenverbalargumentsforrealones.

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